Difference between revisions of "PLAY"

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(Created page with 'PLAY is a statement that plays music. ''Syntax:'' PLAY commandstring commandstring can consist of the following commands: *'''O'''n - Sets the current octave (n can be betwee…')
 
 
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−
PLAY is a statement that plays music.
+
'''PLAY''' is a statement that plays notes of sound through the sound card in QB64 using a command [[STRING]].
  
  
−
''Syntax:'' PLAY commandstring
+
{{PageSyntax}}
 +
::: '''PLAY ''commandstring$'''''
  
−
commandstring can consist of the following commands:
 
  
−
*'''O'''n - Sets the current octave (n can be between 0 to 6), example "O3"
+
{{Parameters}}
−
*'''N'''n - Plays the note n (n can be between 0 to 84, where 0 is a rest), example "N42"
+
* The ''commandstring'' can be any literal or variable [[STRING]] consisting of the following uppercase or lowercase commands:
−
*'''<''' - Down one octave (cannot get below 0).
+
:*'''O'''n - Sets the current octave (from 0 to 6). Example: '''{{text|PLAY "O3"|green}}'''
−
*'''>''' - Up one octave (cannot get above 6).
+
:*'''<''' - Down one octave (cannot be below zero). Example: '''{{text|PLAY "<<"|green}}''' 'goes down two octaves.
−
*'''A''', '''B''', '''C''', '''D''', '''E''', '''F''' or '''G''' - Play A-G in the current octave, you can use '''+''' or '''#''' for sharp and '''-''' for flat, example "C#"
+
:*'''>''' - Up one octave (cannot be above 6). Example: '''{{text|PLAY ">>"|green}}''' ' goes up two octaves.
 +
:*'''A''', '''B''', '''C''', '''D''', '''E''', '''F''' or '''G''' are the notes in the current octave. Can use the following suffixes:
 +
::*'''+''' or '''#''' for a sharp note. Example: '''{{text|PLAY "C#"|green}}'''
 +
::*'''-''' for a flat note. Example: '''{{text|PLAY "C-"|green}}'''
 +
:*'''N'''n - Plays a note n by number(n can be between 0 to 84 in the 7 octaves, where 0 is a rest). Example: '''{{text|PLAY "N42"|green}}'''
 +
:*'''L'''n - Sets length of a note (n can be 1 to 64 where 1 is a whole note and 4 is a quarter of a note etc.). Example: '''{{text|PLAY "L4"|green}}'''
 +
::*'''MS''' - Each note plays 3/4 of length set by L (staccato)
 +
::*'''MN''' - Each note plays 7/8 of length set by L (normal)
 +
::*'''ML''' - Each note plays full length set by L (legato)
 +
::*'''P'''n - Pause in the duration of n quarternotes (n can be 1 to 64) corresponding to L, Example: '''{{text|PLAY "P32"|green}}'''
 +
::*'''T'''n - Tempo sets number of L4 quarter notes per minute (n can be 32 to 255 where 120 is the default). Example: '''{{text|PLAY "T180"|green}}'''
 +
:::*''' .  '''  - period after a note plays 1½ times the note length determined by L * T.
 +
:::*'''.. '''  - two periods plays 1-3/4 times the note length determined by L * T.
 +
:*''',  '''  - '''commas in QB64''' stop play advancement to allow more than one note to be played simultaneously. Example: '''{{text|PLAY "C,E,G,"|green}}'''
 +
:*'''V'''n - Volume in '''QB64 only''' can be any volume from 0(none) to 100(full).  The default level is 50 when '''n''' is not specified.
 +
:*'''MF''' - Play music in the foreground (each note must be completed before another can start).
 +
:*'''MB''' - Play music in the background while program code execution continues (QB64 has no note buffer limits).
 +
:*'''X''' '''+''' [[VARPTR$]](string-expression) - executes a command string variable. '''MUST be used with variables!'''.
  
−
*'''L'''n - Sets length of a note (n can be 1 to 64 where 1 is a whole note and 4 is a quarter of a note etc.), example "L4"
 
−
*'''T'''n - Sets quarter of notes per minute (n can be 32 to 255 where 120 is the default), example "T180"
 
−
*'''MS''' - Each note plays 3/4 of length (staccato)
 
−
*'''MN''' - Each note plays full length (normal)
 
−
*'''ML''' - Each note plays 7/8 of length (legato)
 
−
*'''P'''n - Pause in the duration of n quarternotes (n can be 1 to 64), example "P32"
 
  
−
*'''MF''' - Play music in the foreground (each note must be completed before the other can start).
+
''Usage:''
−
*'''MB''' - Play music in the background (the background buffer can only hold 32 notes in QuickBASIC, QB64 have no limits)
+
* MB will allow music to play while program code progresses. MF will wait for code to continue playing notes.
 +
* Command string values are not case sensitive and spacing is ignored. Use upper or lower case as desired.
 +
*'''NOTE: In QB64, PLAY may NOT delay program progress! Use [[_DELAY]] and [[END]] to allow music completion.'''
  
−
*'''X''' '''+''' [[VARPTR$]](string-expression) - execute another command string.
 
  
 +
''Example 1:'' Plays a sound with the volume and note varying from 0 to 50. Maximum note can only be 84.
 +
{{CodeStart}} '' ''
 +
{{Cl|PLAY}} "mll64"
 +
{{Cl|DO}}
 +
    {{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} x = 1 {{Cl|TO}} 50
 +
        a$ = a$ + "v" + {{Cl|LTRIM$}}({{Cl|STR$}}(x)) + "n" + {{Cl|LTRIM$}}({{Cl|STR$}}(x))
 +
    {{Cl|NEXT}}
 +
    {{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} x = 50 {{Cl|TO}} 1 {{Cl|STEP}} -1
 +
        a$ = a$ + "v" + {{Cl|LTRIM$}}({{Cl|STR$}}(x)) + "n" + {{Cl|LTRIM$}}({{Cl|STR$}}(x))
 +
    {{Cl|NEXT}}
 +
    {{Cl|PLAY}} a$
 +
    a$ = ""
 +
{{Cl|LOOP}} {{Cl|UNTIL}} {{Cl|INKEY$}} <> ""
 +
{{Cl|PLAY}} "v10l1c,l4egl2o5c,o4l4eg" '' ''
 +
{{CodeEnd}}
 +
{{small|Code by Galleon}}
  
  
 +
''Example 2:'' Plays "Frosty the snowman". The lyric printing is not delayed by PLAY in QB64.
 +
{{CodeStart}} '' ''
 +
CLS : PRINT "Frosty the Snow Man"
 +
{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} X = 1 {{Cl|TO}} 2
 +
  PRINT
 +
  IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "Fros-ty the Snow man was a jolly happy soul,"
 +
  IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "Fros-ty the Snow man knew the sun was hot that day"
 +
  {{Cl|PLAY}} "t140o2p4g2e4.f8g4o3c2o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8g2."  'MB removed to print song one line at a time
 +
  IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "with a corn cob pipe and a button nose and two eyes made out of coal."
 +
  IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "so he said Let's run and we'll have some fun now before I melt away."
 +
  {{Cl|PLAY}} "o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8a8g8o3c4o2e8e4g8a8g4f4e4f4g2."
 +
  IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "Fros-ty the Snow Man is a fair-y tale, they say,"
 +
  IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "Down to the vil-lage, with a broom-stick in his hand,"
 +
  {{Cl|PLAY}} "g2e4.f8g4o3c2o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8g2."
 +
  IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "He was made of snow but the chil-dren knew how he come to life one day."
 +
  IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "run-ning here and there all a-round the square, say-in' catch me if you can."
 +
  {{Cl|PLAY}} "o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8a8g8o3c4o2e8e4g8a8g4f4e4d4c2."
 +
  IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "There must have been some magic in that old silk hat they found."
 +
  IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "He led them down the streets of town right to the traffic cop."
 +
  {{Cl|PLAY}} "c4a4a4o3c4c4o2b4a4g4e4f4a4g4f4e2."
 +
  IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "For when they placed it on his head he be-gan to dance a round."
 +
  IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "And he on-ly paused a moment when he heard him hol-ler Stop!"
 +
  {{Cl|PLAY}} "e8e8d4d4g4g4b4b4o3d4d8o2b8o3d4c4o2b4a4g4p4"
 +
  IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "Oh, Fros-ty the Snow Man was a-live as he could be,"
 +
  IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "For, Fros-ty the Snow Man had to hur-ry on his way"
 +
  {{Cl|PLAY}} "g2g2e4.f8g4o3c2o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8g8g2."
 +
  IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "and the chil-dren say he could laugh and play just the same as you and me."
 +
  IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "but he waved good-bye say-in' Don't you cry, I'll be back a-gain some day."
 +
  {{Cl|PLAY}} "o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8a8g8o3c4o2e8e4g8a8g4f4e4d4c2.p4"
 +
NEXT X
 +
PRINT : PRINT "Thump-et-y thump thump, thump-et-y thump thump, look at Fros-ty go."
 +
{{Cl|PLAY}} "t180g8g8g4g4g4a8g8g4g4g4a4g4e4g4d1"
 +
PRINT "Thump-et-y thump thump, thump-et-y thump thump, ov-er the hills of snow."
 +
{{Cl|PLAY}} "t180g8g8g4g4g4a8g8g4g4g4g8g8g4a4b4o3c2c4p1"
 +
{{Cl|END}}'' ''
 +
{{CodeEnd}}
 +
{{small|Greg Rismoen 12/09/84}}
  
−
''Example:'' PLAY "'''c3'''l16'''a+''' '''b-'''cdl8efl4gl16'''p32'''deggdel4gp1614c-p16l8cecdel4dl10c"
 
  
 +
''Example 3:'' Clicking on the grid enables various notes to be played simultaneously.
 +
{{CodeStart}} '' ''
 +
{{Cl|DIM}} {{Cl|SHARED}} grid(16, 16), grid2(16, 16), cur
 +
{{Cl|CONST}} maxx = 512
 +
{{Cl|CONST}} maxy = 512
 +
{{Cl|SCREEN (statement)|SCREEN}} {{Cl|_NEWIMAGE}}(maxx, maxy, 32)
 +
{{Cl|_TITLE}} "MusicGrid"
 +
cleargrid
 +
{{Cl|DO}}
 +
    {{Cl|IF}} {{Cl|TIMER}} - t# > 1 / 8 {{Cl|THEN}} cur = (cur + 1) {{Cl|AND (boolean)|AND}} 15: t# = {{Cl|TIMER}}
 +
    {{Cl|IF}} cur <> oldcur {{Cl|THEN}}
 +
        figuregrid
 +
        drawgrid
 +
        playgrid
 +
        oldcur = cur
 +
    {{Cl|END IF}}
 +
    domousestuff
 +
    in$ = {{Cl|INKEY$}}
 +
    {{Cl|IF}} in$ = "C" {{Cl|OR (boolean)|OR}} in$ = "c" {{Cl|THEN}} cleargrid
 +
{{Cl|LOOP}} {{Cl|UNTIL}} in$ = {{Cl|CHR$}}(27)
  
 +
{{Cl|SUB}} drawgrid
 +
scale! = maxx / 16
 +
scale2 = maxx \ 16 - 2
 +
{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} y = 0 {{Cl|TO}} 15
 +
    y1 = y * scale!
 +
    {{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} x = 0 {{Cl|TO}} 15
 +
        x1 = x * scale!
 +
        c& = {{Cl|_RGB32}}(grid2(x, y) * 64 + 64, 0, 0)
 +
        {{Cl|LINE}} (x1, y1)-(x1 + scale2, y1 + scale2), c&, BF
 +
    {{Cl|NEXT}} x
 +
{{Cl|NEXT}} y
 +
{{Cl|END SUB}}
  
−
''Explanation:''
+
{{Cl|SUB}} figuregrid
 +
{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} y = 0 {{Cl|TO}} 15
 +
    {{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} x = 0 {{Cl|TO}} 15
 +
        grid2(x, y) = grid(x, y)
 +
    {{Cl|NEXT}} x
 +
{{Cl|NEXT}} y
 +
{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} y = 1 {{Cl|TO}} 14
 +
    {{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} x = 1 {{Cl|TO}} 14
 +
        {{Cl|IF}} grid(x, y) = 1 {{Cl|AND (boolean)|AND}} cur = x {{Cl|THEN}}
 +
            grid2(x, y) = 2
 +
            {{Cl|IF}} grid(x - 1, y) = 0 {{Cl|THEN}} grid2(x - 1, y) = 1
 +
            {{Cl|IF}} grid(x + 1, y) = 0 {{Cl|THEN}} grid2(x + 1, y) = 1
 +
            {{Cl|IF}} grid(x, y - 1) = 0 {{Cl|THEN}} grid2(x, y - 1) = 1
 +
            {{Cl|IF}} grid(x, y + 1) = 0 {{Cl|THEN}} grid2(x, y + 1) = 1
 +
        {{Cl|END IF}}
 +
    {{Cl|NEXT}} x
 +
{{Cl|NEXT}} y
 +
{{Cl|END SUB}}
  
 +
{{Cl|SUB}} domousestuff
 +
{{Cl|DO}} {{Cl|WHILE}} {{Cl|_MOUSEINPUT}}
 +
    {{Cl|IF}} {{Cl|_MOUSEBUTTON}}(1) {{Cl|THEN}}
 +
        x = {{Cl|_MOUSEX}} \ (maxx \ 16)
 +
        y = {{Cl|_MOUSEY}} \ (maxy \ 16)
 +
        grid(x, y) = 1 - grid(x, y)
 +
    {{Cl|END IF}}
 +
{{Cl|LOOP}}
 +
{{Cl|END SUB}}
  
−
"c3" means the same as "l3 c", setting the length to one third of a whole note.
+
{{Cl|SUB}} playgrid
 +
n$ = "L16 "
 +
'scale$ = "O1CO1DO1EO1FO1GO1AO1BO2CO2DO2EO2FO2GO2AO2BO3CO3D"
 +
scale$ = "o1fo1go1ao2co2do2fo2go2ao3co3do3fo3go3ao4co4do4fo"
 +
{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} y = 15 {{Cl|TO}} 0 {{Cl|STEP}} -1
 +
    {{Cl|IF}} grid(cur, y) = 1 {{Cl|THEN}}
 +
        note$ = {{Cl|MID$}}(scale$, 1 + (15 - y) * 3, 3)
 +
        n$ = n$ + note$ + ","  'comma plays 2 or more column notes simultaneously
 +
    {{Cl|END IF}}
 +
{{Cl|NEXT}} y
 +
n$ = {{Cl|LEFT$}}(n$, {{Cl|LEN}}(n$) - 1)
 +
{{Cl|PLAY}} n$
 +
{{Cl|END SUB}}
  
−
a+ means A sharp (or a# which you can also use).
+
{{Cl|SUB}} cleargrid
 +
{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} y = 0 {{Cl|TO}} 15
 +
    {{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} x = 0 {{Cl|TO}} 15
 +
        grid(x, y) = 0
 +
    {{Cl|NEXT}} x
 +
{{Cl|NEXT}} y
 +
{{Cl|END SUB}} '' ''
 +
{{CodeEnd}}
 +
{{small|Code by JP}}
  
−
b- means B flat.
 
  
−
p32 means to pause 32 quarternotes.
+
''Example 4:'' Play strings starting with MB allow program code to run while music plays in background.
 +
{{CodeStart}} '' ''
 +
' 2012, 2013 mennonite
 +
' license: creative commons cc0 1.0 universal
 +
' (public domain) http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
  
−
You can use spaces in the string for clarity without affecting anything.
+
{{Cl|SCREEN}} 12 ' the following works in other screen modes, too
 +
{{Cl|RANDOMIZE}} {{Cl|TIMER}}
  
 +
{{Cl|PLAY}} "mb l4cf.l8el4fag.l8fl4gl8agl4f.l8fl4a>cl2dl4dl4c.<l8al4afg.l8fl4gl8agl4f.l8dl4dcl2f>l4dc.<l8al4afg.l8fl4g>dc.<l8al4a>cl2dl4dc.<l8al4afg.l8fl4gl8agl4f.l8dl4dcl1f"
  
 +
{{Cl|DIM}} ccs(1 {{Cl|TO}} 9, 1 {{Cl|TO}} 2)
 +
ccs(1, 1) = 415: ccs(1, 2) = 289
 +
ccs(2, 1) = 185: ccs(2, 2) = 128
 +
ccs(3, 1) = 108: ccs(3, 2) = 75
 +
ccs(4, 1) = 70: ccs(4, 2) = 48
 +
ccs(5, 1) = 48: ccs(5, 2) = 32
 +
ccs(6, 1) = 32: ccs(6, 2) = 20
 +
ccs(7, 1) = 20: ccs(7, 2) = 12
 +
ccs(8, 1) = 10: ccs(8, 2) = 6
 +
ccs(9, 1) = 2: ccs(9, 2) = 2
  
 +
{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} extra = 1 {{Cl|TO}} 23
 +
  {{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} p = 1 {{Cl|TO}} 9
 +
    gcolor {{Cl|INT}}({{Cl|RND}} * 9 + 14 - 9)
 +
    {{Cl|_DELAY}} .04
 +
    {{Cl|CLS}}
 +
    gscale p
 +
    row = ccs(p, 1)
 +
    cl = ccs(p, 2)
 +
    glocate row, cl
 +
    gprint "000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
 +
    glocate row + 1, cl
 +
    gprint "0x00x0xxxx0xxxx0xxxx0x0x000x00x0xxxx0x000x000x0x0xxxx0xxxx0xxxx000x00"
 +
    glocate row + 2, cl
 +
    gprint "0x00x0x00x0x00x0x00x0x0x000xx0x0x0000x000x000x0x0x0000x00x0x00x000x00"
 +
    glocate row + 3, cl
 +
    gprint "0xxxx0xxxx0xxxx0xxxx0x0x000x0xx0xxx00x0x0x000x0x0xxx00xxxx0xxxx000x00"
 +
    glocate row + 4, cl
 +
    gprint "0x00x0x00x0x0000x00000x0000x00x0x0000x0x0x0000x00x0000x00x0x0x0000000"
 +
    glocate row + 5, cl
 +
    gprint "0x00x0x00x0x0000x00000x0000x00x0xxxx0xx0xx0000x00xxxx0x00x0x00x000x00"
 +
    glocate row + 6, cl
 +
    gprint "000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
 +
  {{Cl|NEXT}} p
 +
  {{Cl|SLEEP}} 1
 +
  {{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} {{Cl|INKEY$}} = {{Cl|CHR$}}(27) {{Cl|THEN}} {{Cl|EXIT}} {{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}}
 +
{{Cl|NEXT}} extra
  
−
==Navigation:==
+
{{Cl|END}}
  
−
[[Keyword_Reference_-_Alphabetical|Go to Keyword Reference - Alphabetical]]
+
{{Cl|SUB}} gscale (s):
 +
{{Cl|SHARED}} gscalep
 +
gscalep = {{Cl|INT}}(s)
 +
{{Cl|END SUB}}
  
−
[[Keyword Reference - By usage|Go to Keyword Reference - By usage]]
+
{{Cl|SUB}} gcolor (c):
 +
{{Cl|SHARED}} gcolorp
 +
gcolorp = c
 +
{{Cl|END SUB}}
 +
 
 +
{{Cl|SUB}} gbackcolor (c):
 +
{{Cl|SHARED}} gbackcolorp
 +
gbackcolorp = c
 +
{{Cl|END SUB}}
 +
 
 +
{{Cl|SUB}} glocate (row, column):
 +
{{Cl|SHARED}} gposxp
 +
{{Cl|SHARED}} gposyp
 +
gposyp = row
 +
gposxp = column
 +
{{Cl|END SUB}}
 +
 
 +
{{Cl|SUB}} gprint (p$):
 +
{{Cl|SHARED}} gscalep
 +
{{Cl|SHARED}} gposxp, gposyp
 +
{{Cl|SHARED}} gcolorp, gbackcolorp
 +
' # means "use the foreground color here."
 +
' . means "use the background color here."
 +
' _ means "transparent - don't draw this block at all" (you can layer!)
 +
' 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,a,b,c,d,e,f means "do color attribute 0 to 15."
 +
' any letter after f: "use the foreground color here."
 +
{{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} gscalep < 1 {{Cl|THEN}} gscalep = 1
 +
pcolorp = gcolorp
 +
{{Cl|FOR...NEXT|FOR}} p = 1 {{Cl|TO}} {{Cl|LEN}}(p$):
 +
  {{Cl|SELECT CASE}} {{Cl|LCASE$}}({{Cl|MID$}}(p$, p, 1))
 +
    {{Cl|CASE}} "#", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z"
 +
      pcolorp = gcolorp
 +
    {{Cl|CASE}} "."
 +
      pcolorp = gbackcolorp
 +
    {{Cl|CASE}} "_"
 +
      pcolorp = -1
 +
    {{Cl|CASE}} "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"
 +
      pcolorp = {{Cl|INSTR}}("0123456789abcdef", {{Cl|LCASE$}}({{Cl|MID$}}(p$, p, 1))) - 1
 +
  {{Cl|END SELECT}}
 +
  {{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} {{Cl|NOT}} pcolorp = -1 {{Cl|THEN}}
 +
    {{Cl|IF...THEN|IF}} gscalep > 1 {{Cl|THEN}}
 +
      {{Cl|LINE}} ((gposxp - 1) * gscalep, (gposyp - 1) * gscalep)-{{Cl|STEP}}(gscalep - 1, gscalep - 1), pcolorp, BF
 +
    {{Cl|ELSE}}:
 +
      {{Cl|PSET}} (gposxp, gposyp), pcolorp
 +
    {{Cl|END IF}}
 +
  {{Cl|END IF}}
 +
  glocate gposyp, gposxp + 1
 +
{{Cl|NEXT}} p
 +
gposxp = 1
 +
glocate gposyp + 1, 1 'gposyp = gposyp + 1
 +
{{Cl|END SUB}} '' ''
 +
{{CodeEnd}}{{small|Code by Mennonite}}
 +
 
 +
 
 +
''Example 5:'' This example uses [[PRINT]] to good effect as string spacing is ignored by PLAY:
 +
{{CodeStart}} '' ''
 +
{{Cl|WIDTH}} 59, 28
 +
{{Cl|PRINT}} <nowiki>
 +
x$ = x$ + "  o3    l4        t        0120c    ml<f1  ,a      1,  "
 +
x$ = x$ + "  >c    1,        mnf        .e  8f  am  l<  e1    ,g  "
 +
x$ = x$ + "  1,    >c      1, mn      g.  f8  ga  8g  8m  l<    "
 +
x$ = x$ + "  f2.,a2.,      >c  2.      ,m  nf  .f  8a    ml<f    "
 +
x$ = x$ + "  ,a,>c,mn    >cd2.,<f2    .,d2    .,<b        -2      "
 +
x$ = x$ + "  .m    lb    -,>d,f,mn>d    ml      <c          1,      "
 +
x$ = x$ + "  <a    1,  f1        ,m  n>      >c          .<      "
 +
x$ = x$ + "  a8    af  ml          c1  ,<      e1          ,g      "
 +
x$ = x$ + "                                                          "
 +
x$ = x$ + "      1,m      n>  g.f8ga8g8m  l<                  f1    "
 +
x$ = x$ + "      ,d1,    <b  -1          ,m                n>      "
 +
x$ = x$ + "      >f .d    8d  c<            f2              .,      "
 +
x$ = x$ + "      a2  .,  c2  .,>f2.        ml      <      b-        "
 +
x$ = x$ + "      ,>  d,  f,  mn>dml          <c    1,<    a1        "
 +
x$ = x$ + "      ,f    1, mn  >>              c.  <a 8a  fm          "
 +
x$ = x$ + "      lc    2.,<  e2                .,g2  .,mn          "
 +
x$ = x$ + "      >g      .f8  gml<b-,>d,        f,    mn            "
 +
x$ = x$ + "                                                          "
 +
x$ = x$ + ">d      ml  <<f2.,a2.,        >        c2.,m      n>  c."
 +
x$ = x$ + " <a    8a  ml                <e,        g,  >c      ,m  n>"
 +
x$ = x$ + "  cm  l<    <b              -2 .,      >d  2.    ,f  2."
 +
x$ = x$ + "  ,mn>    d2.ml<          <b  -,      >d  ,f      ,m  n>"
 +
x$ = x$ + "    dm      l<<f1,        a1,>c1,mn    >c.<a      8a  fm"
 +
x$ = x$ + "    lc      1,            <e1,g1,mn>g    .f  8g      a8  g8"
 +
x$ = x$ + "    ml      <<          b-         1,  >d  1,          "
 +
x$ = x$ + "    f1      ,mn>f.d8dc  l1          ml  f,    c,    <a  ,f"</nowiki>
 +
{{Cl|PRINT}} x$;
 +
{{Cl|PLAY}} x '' ''
 +
{{CodeEnd}}{{small|Code by Luke}}
 +
 
 +
 
 +
''See also:'''
 +
* [[SOUND]], [[DRAW]]
 +
* [[_SNDRAW]] (play frequency waves)
 +
* [[_SNDOPEN]] (play sound files)
 +
 
 +
 
 +
{{PageNavigation}}

Latest revision as of 15:53, 30 July 2020

PLAY is a statement that plays notes of sound through the sound card in QB64 using a command STRING.


Syntax

PLAY commandstring$


Parameters

  • The commandstring can be any literal or variable STRING consisting of the following uppercase or lowercase commands:
  • On - Sets the current octave (from 0 to 6). Example: PLAY "O3"
  • < - Down one octave (cannot be below zero). Example: PLAY "<<" 'goes down two octaves.
  • > - Up one octave (cannot be above 6). Example: PLAY ">>" ' goes up two octaves.
  • A, B, C, D, E, F or G are the notes in the current octave. Can use the following suffixes:
  • + or # for a sharp note. Example: PLAY "C#"
  • - for a flat note. Example: PLAY "C-"
  • Nn - Plays a note n by number(n can be between 0 to 84 in the 7 octaves, where 0 is a rest). Example: PLAY "N42"
  • Ln - Sets length of a note (n can be 1 to 64 where 1 is a whole note and 4 is a quarter of a note etc.). Example: PLAY "L4"
  • MS - Each note plays 3/4 of length set by L (staccato)
  • MN - Each note plays 7/8 of length set by L (normal)
  • ML - Each note plays full length set by L (legato)
  • Pn - Pause in the duration of n quarternotes (n can be 1 to 64) corresponding to L, Example: PLAY "P32"
  • Tn - Tempo sets number of L4 quarter notes per minute (n can be 32 to 255 where 120 is the default). Example: PLAY "T180"
  • .    - period after a note plays 1½ times the note length determined by L * T.
  • ..   - two periods plays 1-3/4 times the note length determined by L * T.
  • ,    - commas in QB64 stop play advancement to allow more than one note to be played simultaneously. Example: PLAY "C,E,G,"
  • Vn - Volume in QB64 only can be any volume from 0(none) to 100(full). The default level is 50 when n is not specified.
  • MF - Play music in the foreground (each note must be completed before another can start).
  • MB - Play music in the background while program code execution continues (QB64 has no note buffer limits).
  • X + VARPTR$(string-expression) - executes a command string variable. MUST be used with variables!.


Usage:

  • MB will allow music to play while program code progresses. MF will wait for code to continue playing notes.
  • Command string values are not case sensitive and spacing is ignored. Use upper or lower case as desired.
  • NOTE: In QB64, PLAY may NOT delay program progress! Use _DELAY and END to allow music completion.


Example 1: Plays a sound with the volume and note varying from 0 to 50. Maximum note can only be 84.

PLAY "mll64" DO FOR x = 1 TO 50 a$ = a$ + "v" + LTRIM$(STR$(x)) + "n" + LTRIM$(STR$(x)) NEXT FOR x = 50 TO 1 STEP -1 a$ = a$ + "v" + LTRIM$(STR$(x)) + "n" + LTRIM$(STR$(x)) NEXT PLAY a$ a$ = "" LOOP UNTIL INKEY$ <> "" PLAY "v10l1c,l4egl2o5c,o4l4eg"

Code by Galleon


Example 2: Plays "Frosty the snowman". The lyric printing is not delayed by PLAY in QB64.

CLS : PRINT "Frosty the Snow Man" FOR X = 1 TO 2 PRINT IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "Fros-ty the Snow man was a jolly happy soul," IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "Fros-ty the Snow man knew the sun was hot that day" PLAY "t140o2p4g2e4.f8g4o3c2o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8g2." 'MB removed to print song one line at a time IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "with a corn cob pipe and a button nose and two eyes made out of coal." IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "so he said Let's run and we'll have some fun now before I melt away." PLAY "o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8a8g8o3c4o2e8e4g8a8g4f4e4f4g2." IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "Fros-ty the Snow Man is a fair-y tale, they say," IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "Down to the vil-lage, with a broom-stick in his hand," PLAY "g2e4.f8g4o3c2o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8g2." IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "He was made of snow but the chil-dren knew how he come to life one day." IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "run-ning here and there all a-round the square, say-in' catch me if you can." PLAY "o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8a8g8o3c4o2e8e4g8a8g4f4e4d4c2." IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "There must have been some magic in that old silk hat they found." IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "He led them down the streets of town right to the traffic cop." PLAY "c4a4a4o3c4c4o2b4a4g4e4f4a4g4f4e2." IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "For when they placed it on his head he be-gan to dance a round." IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "And he on-ly paused a moment when he heard him hol-ler Stop!" PLAY "e8e8d4d4g4g4b4b4o3d4d8o2b8o3d4c4o2b4a4g4p4" IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "Oh, Fros-ty the Snow Man was a-live as he could be," IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "For, Fros-ty the Snow Man had to hur-ry on his way" PLAY "g2g2e4.f8g4o3c2o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8g8g2." IF X = 1 THEN PRINT "and the chil-dren say he could laugh and play just the same as you and me." IF X = 2 THEN PRINT "but he waved good-bye say-in' Don't you cry, I'll be back a-gain some day." PLAY "o2b8o3c8d4c4o2b4a8a8g8o3c4o2e8e4g8a8g4f4e4d4c2.p4" NEXT X PRINT : PRINT "Thump-et-y thump thump, thump-et-y thump thump, look at Fros-ty go." PLAY "t180g8g8g4g4g4a8g8g4g4g4a4g4e4g4d1" PRINT "Thump-et-y thump thump, thump-et-y thump thump, ov-er the hills of snow." PLAY "t180g8g8g4g4g4a8g8g4g4g4g8g8g4a4b4o3c2c4p1" END

Greg Rismoen 12/09/84


Example 3: Clicking on the grid enables various notes to be played simultaneously.

DIM SHARED grid(16, 16), grid2(16, 16), cur CONST maxx = 512 CONST maxy = 512 SCREEN _NEWIMAGE(maxx, maxy, 32) _TITLE "MusicGrid" cleargrid DO IF TIMER - t# > 1 / 8 THEN cur = (cur + 1) AND 15: t# = TIMER IF cur <> oldcur THEN figuregrid drawgrid playgrid oldcur = cur END IF domousestuff in$ = INKEY$ IF in$ = "C" OR in$ = "c" THEN cleargrid LOOP UNTIL in$ = CHR$(27) SUB drawgrid scale! = maxx / 16 scale2 = maxx \ 16 - 2 FOR y = 0 TO 15 y1 = y * scale! FOR x = 0 TO 15 x1 = x * scale! c& = _RGB32(grid2(x, y) * 64 + 64, 0, 0) LINE (x1, y1)-(x1 + scale2, y1 + scale2), c&, BF NEXT x NEXT y END SUB SUB figuregrid FOR y = 0 TO 15 FOR x = 0 TO 15 grid2(x, y) = grid(x, y) NEXT x NEXT y FOR y = 1 TO 14 FOR x = 1 TO 14 IF grid(x, y) = 1 AND cur = x THEN grid2(x, y) = 2 IF grid(x - 1, y) = 0 THEN grid2(x - 1, y) = 1 IF grid(x + 1, y) = 0 THEN grid2(x + 1, y) = 1 IF grid(x, y - 1) = 0 THEN grid2(x, y - 1) = 1 IF grid(x, y + 1) = 0 THEN grid2(x, y + 1) = 1 END IF NEXT x NEXT y END SUB SUB domousestuff DO WHILE _MOUSEINPUT IF _MOUSEBUTTON(1) THEN x = _MOUSEX \ (maxx \ 16) y = _MOUSEY \ (maxy \ 16) grid(x, y) = 1 - grid(x, y) END IF LOOP END SUB SUB playgrid n$ = "L16 " 'scale$ = "O1CO1DO1EO1FO1GO1AO1BO2CO2DO2EO2FO2GO2AO2BO3CO3D" scale$ = "o1fo1go1ao2co2do2fo2go2ao3co3do3fo3go3ao4co4do4fo" FOR y = 15 TO 0 STEP -1 IF grid(cur, y) = 1 THEN note$ = MID$(scale$, 1 + (15 - y) * 3, 3) n$ = n$ + note$ + "," 'comma plays 2 or more column notes simultaneously END IF NEXT y n$ = LEFT$(n$, LEN(n$) - 1) PLAY n$ END SUB SUB cleargrid FOR y = 0 TO 15 FOR x = 0 TO 15 grid(x, y) = 0 NEXT x NEXT y END SUB

Code by JP


Example 4: Play strings starting with MB allow program code to run while music plays in background.

' 2012, 2013 mennonite ' license: creative commons cc0 1.0 universal ' (public domain) http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ SCREEN 12 ' the following works in other screen modes, too RANDOMIZE TIMER PLAY "mb l4cf.l8el4fag.l8fl4gl8agl4f.l8fl4a>cl2dl4dl4c.<l8al4afg.l8fl4gl8agl4f.l8dl4dcl2f>l4dc.<l8al4afg.l8fl4g>dc.<l8al4a>cl2dl4dc.<l8al4afg.l8fl4gl8agl4f.l8dl4dcl1f" DIM ccs(1 TO 9, 1 TO 2) ccs(1, 1) = 415: ccs(1, 2) = 289 ccs(2, 1) = 185: ccs(2, 2) = 128 ccs(3, 1) = 108: ccs(3, 2) = 75 ccs(4, 1) = 70: ccs(4, 2) = 48 ccs(5, 1) = 48: ccs(5, 2) = 32 ccs(6, 1) = 32: ccs(6, 2) = 20 ccs(7, 1) = 20: ccs(7, 2) = 12 ccs(8, 1) = 10: ccs(8, 2) = 6 ccs(9, 1) = 2: ccs(9, 2) = 2 FOR extra = 1 TO 23 FOR p = 1 TO 9 gcolor INT(RND * 9 + 14 - 9) _DELAY .04 CLS gscale p row = ccs(p, 1) cl = ccs(p, 2) glocate row, cl gprint "000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" glocate row + 1, cl gprint "0x00x0xxxx0xxxx0xxxx0x0x000x00x0xxxx0x000x000x0x0xxxx0xxxx0xxxx000x00" glocate row + 2, cl gprint "0x00x0x00x0x00x0x00x0x0x000xx0x0x0000x000x000x0x0x0000x00x0x00x000x00" glocate row + 3, cl gprint "0xxxx0xxxx0xxxx0xxxx0x0x000x0xx0xxx00x0x0x000x0x0xxx00xxxx0xxxx000x00" glocate row + 4, cl gprint "0x00x0x00x0x0000x00000x0000x00x0x0000x0x0x0000x00x0000x00x0x0x0000000" glocate row + 5, cl gprint "0x00x0x00x0x0000x00000x0000x00x0xxxx0xx0xx0000x00xxxx0x00x0x00x000x00" glocate row + 6, cl gprint "000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" NEXT p SLEEP 1 IF INKEY$ = CHR$(27) THEN EXIT FOR NEXT extra END SUB gscale (s): SHARED gscalep gscalep = INT(s) END SUB SUB gcolor (c): SHARED gcolorp gcolorp = c END SUB SUB gbackcolor (c): SHARED gbackcolorp gbackcolorp = c END SUB SUB glocate (row, column): SHARED gposxp SHARED gposyp gposyp = row gposxp = column END SUB SUB gprint (p$): SHARED gscalep SHARED gposxp, gposyp SHARED gcolorp, gbackcolorp ' # means "use the foreground color here." ' . means "use the background color here." ' _ means "transparent - don't draw this block at all" (you can layer!) ' 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,a,b,c,d,e,f means "do color attribute 0 to 15." ' any letter after f: "use the foreground color here." IF gscalep < 1 THEN gscalep = 1 pcolorp = gcolorp FOR p = 1 TO LEN(p$): SELECT CASE LCASE$(MID$(p$, p, 1)) CASE "#", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z" pcolorp = gcolorp CASE "." pcolorp = gbackcolorp CASE "_" pcolorp = -1 CASE "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f" pcolorp = INSTR("0123456789abcdef", LCASE$(MID$(p$, p, 1))) - 1 END SELECT IF NOT pcolorp = -1 THEN IF gscalep > 1 THEN LINE ((gposxp - 1) * gscalep, (gposyp - 1) * gscalep)-STEP(gscalep - 1, gscalep - 1), pcolorp, BF ELSE: PSET (gposxp, gposyp), pcolorp END IF END IF glocate gposyp, gposxp + 1 NEXT p gposxp = 1 glocate gposyp + 1, 1 'gposyp = gposyp + 1 END SUB

Code by Mennonite


Example 5: This example uses PRINT to good effect as string spacing is ignored by PLAY:

WIDTH 59, 28 PRINT x$ = x$ + " o3 l4 t 0120c ml<f1 ,a 1, " x$ = x$ + " >c 1, mnf .e 8f am l< e1 ,g " x$ = x$ + " 1, >c 1, mn g. f8 ga 8g 8m l< " x$ = x$ + " f2.,a2., >c 2. ,m nf .f 8a ml<f " x$ = x$ + " ,a,>c,mn >cd2.,<f2 .,d2 .,<b -2 " x$ = x$ + " .m lb -,>d,f,mn>d ml <c 1, " x$ = x$ + " <a 1, f1 ,m n> >c .< " x$ = x$ + " a8 af ml c1 ,< e1 ,g " x$ = x$ + " " x$ = x$ + " 1,m n> g.f8ga8g8m l< f1 " x$ = x$ + " ,d1, <b -1 ,m n> " x$ = x$ + " >f .d 8d c< f2 ., " x$ = x$ + " a2 ., c2 .,>f2. ml < b- " x$ = x$ + " ,> d, f, mn>dml <c 1,< a1 " x$ = x$ + " ,f 1, mn >> c. <a 8a fm " x$ = x$ + " lc 2.,< e2 .,g2 .,mn " x$ = x$ + " >g .f8 gml<b-,>d, f, mn " x$ = x$ + " " x$ = x$ + ">d ml <<f2.,a2., > c2.,m n> c." x$ = x$ + " <a 8a ml <e, g, >c ,m n>" x$ = x$ + " cm l< <b -2 ., >d 2. ,f 2." x$ = x$ + " ,mn> d2.ml< <b -, >d ,f ,m n>" x$ = x$ + " dm l<<f1, a1,>c1,mn >c.<a 8a fm" x$ = x$ + " lc 1, <e1,g1,mn>g .f 8g a8 g8" x$ = x$ + " ml << b- 1, >d 1, " x$ = x$ + " f1 ,mn>f.d8dc l1 ml f, c, <a ,f" PRINT x$; PLAY x

Code by Luke


See also:'


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